Appendix · Appendix: Scale Reference
Scale Construction Table
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The table below shows the scale tones and structure for every scale covered in this book. Alternative names are shown in parentheses. Tonal numbers reflect the note’s position in relation to the tones of the major scale. The letter “w” stands for an interval of a “whole step” (two frets) and the letter “h” stands for an interval of a “half step” (one fret).
| Scale name | Tones | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| major | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | w, w, h, w, w, w, h |
| natural minor | 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 | w, h, w, w, h, w, w |
| major pentatonic | 1 2 3 5 6 | w, w, w+h, w, w+h |
| minor pentatonic | 1 ♭3 4 5 ♭7 | w+h, w, w, w+h, w |
| blues | 1 ♭3 4 ♭5 5 ♭7 | w+h, w, h, h, w+h, w |
| major blues | 1 2 ♭3 3 4 ♭5 5 6 ♭7 | w, h, h, h, h, h, w, h, w |
| minor blues | 1 2 ♭3 4 ♭5 5 ♭6 ♭7 | w, h, w, h, h, h, w, w |
| Ionian mode (major) | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | w, w, h, w, w, w, h |
| Dorian mode | 1 2 ♭3 4 5 6 ♭7 | w, h, w, w, w, h, w |
| Phrygian mode | 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 | h, w, w, w, h, w, w |
| Lydian mode | 1 2 3 ♯4 5 6 7 | w, w, w, h, w, w, h |
| Mixolydian mode | 1 2 3 4 5 6 ♭7 | w, w, h, w, w, h, w |
| Aeolian mode (nat. minor) | 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 | w, h, w, w, h, w, w |
| Locrian mode | 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 | h, w, w, h, w, w, w |
| harmonic minor (Mohammedan) | 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 7 | w, h, w, w, h, w+h, h |
| Phrygian-dominant (major Phrygian, Spanish-flamenco) | 1 ♭2 3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 | h, w+h, h, w, h, w, w |
| Jazz melodic minor | 1 2 ♭3 4 5 6 7 | w, h, w, w, w, w, h |
| Dorian ♭2 | 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 5 6 ♭7 | h, w, w, w, w, h, w |
| Lydian augmented | 1 2 3 ♯4 ♯5 6 7 | w, w, w, w, h, w, h |
| Lydian ♭7 (overtone) | 1 2 3 ♯4 5 6 ♭7 | w, w, w, h, w, h, w |
| Mixolydian ♭13 (Hindu) | 1 2 3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 | w, w, h, w, h, w, w |
| Locrian ♯2 | 1 2 ♭3 4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 | w, h, w, h, w, w, w |
| super Locrian (altered) | 1 ♭2 ♭3 ♭4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 | h, w, h, w, w, w, w |
| chromatic | 1 ♭2 2 ♭3 3 4 ♭5 5 ♭6 6 ♭7 7 | h × 12 |
| whole tone | 1 2 3 ♯4 ♯5 ♯6 | w, w, w, w, w, w |
| whole half diminished | 1 2 ♭3 4 ♭5 ♭6 6 7 | w, h, w, h, w, h, w, h |
| half whole diminished | 1 ♭2 ♭3 ♭4 ♭5 5 6 ♭7 | h, w, h, w, h, w, h, w |
| enigmatic | 1 ♭2 3 ♯4 ♯5 ♯6 7 | h, w+h, w, w, w, h, h |
| double harmonic (gypsy, Byzantine) | 1 ♭2 3 4 5 ♭6 7 | h, w+h, h, w, h, w+h, h |
| Hungarian minor | 1 2 ♭3 ♯4 5 ♭6 7 | w, h, w+h, h, h, w+h, h |
| Persian | 1 ♭2 3 4 ♭5 ♭6 7 | h, w+h, h, h, w, w+h, h |
| Arabian (major Locrian) | 1 2 3 4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 | w, w, h, h, w, w, w |
| Japanese | 1 ♭2 4 5 ♭6 | h, w+w, w, h, w+w |
| Egyptian | 1 2 4 5 ♭7 | w, w+h, w, w+h, w |
| Hirajoshi | 1 2 ♭3 5 ♭6 | w, h, w+w, h, w+w |