• Andalusian cadence

    i – ♭VII – ♭VI – V

    1. Cm
    2. B♭
    3. A♭
    4. G

    in C minor · 4 beats per chord

    Used in: Hit the Road Jack (Ray Charles) · Sultans of Swing (Dire Straits) · Runaway (Del Shannon)

    Chords in every key →
  • Minor three-chord progression

    i – iv – V

    1. Cm
    2. Fm
    3. G

    in C minor · 4 beats per chord

    Chords in every key →
  • Minor anthem progression

    i – ♭VI – ♭VII

    1. Cm
    2. A♭
    3. B♭

    in C minor · 4 beats per chord

    Used in: Rolling in the Deep (chorus) (Adele)

    Chords in every key →
  • Aeolian descent

    i – ♭VII – ♭VI – ♭VII

    1. Cm
    2. B♭
    3. A♭
    4. B♭

    in C minor · 4 beats per chord

    Used in: All Along the Watchtower (Bob Dylan)

    Chords in every key →

Samples: Salamander Grand Piano (CC-BY 3.0)

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i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII chord progression — how it works

The i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression is the minor-key reading of the axis progression: the same four chords as vi–IV–I–V, but heard from the minor tonic, so the loop sounds dramatic and cinematic rather than bright.

It moves from the tonic (i) to the flat sixth (♭VI) to the flat third (♭III) to the flat seventh (subtonic) (♭VII) and then repeats. Each chord lasts 4 beats, so one pass of the 4 chords is 4 bars of 4/4.

In A minor the chords are Am – F – C – G; in E minor they are Em – C – G – D. Press play above to hear the progression, then pick the key that fits your voice or your song and set the tempo you want to practise at.

i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII in every key

The numerals stay the same; only the chords change. Find your key below, or pick it in the player above to hear it.

KeyChords
C minorCm – A♭ – E♭ – B♭
C♯ minorC♯m – A – E – B
D minorDm – B♭ – F – C
D♯ minorD♯m – B – F♯ – C♯
E minorEm – C – G – D
F minorFm – D♭ – A♭ – E♭
F♯ minorF♯m – D – A – E
G minorGm – E♭ – B♭ – F
G♯ minorG♯m – E – B – F♯
A minorAm – F – C – G
B♭ minorB♭m – G♭ – D♭ – A♭
B minorBm – G – D – A

Songs that use it

Well-known songs built on this progression, at least in the section each is known for:

  • Zombie The Cranberries
  • Numb Linkin Park

Frequently asked questions

What chords are in the i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression in A minor?
In A minor the i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression is Am – F – C – G. The same numerals give Em – C – G – D in E minor; the table above lists all twelve keys.
What is the i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression called?
i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII is known as the Epic minor loop, and also as the minor axis progression and 1–6–3–7 in minor. The i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression is the minor-key reading of the axis progression: the same four chords as vi–IV–I–V, but heard from the minor tonic, so the loop sounds dramatic and cinematic rather than bright.
How long is the i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression?
Each chord lasts 4 beats, so one pass of the 4 chords is 4 bars of 4/4. Loop it to keep the harmony going under a verse or a solo.
What songs use the i–♭VI–♭III–♭VII progression?
"Zombie" by The Cranberries and "Numb" by Linkin Park are built on it, at least in the section each is known for.